19th Century British travel writing of Iceland reveals a stark contrast between romantic visions of Saga heroes and the reality of a colonized nation under Danish rule. Iceland thus emerges as a familiar yet troubling vista.
Halldór Laxness’ works are read differently by readers unfamiliar with Icelandic culture. The satirical exaggeration which he used to help his countrymen see themselves as if from outside contributes to a somewhat surreal and larger than life view of Iceland.
In his novel Hunger, Knut Hamsun offers a detailed description of the process by which his protagonist tries to write a medieval drama, "The Sign of the Cross." This process entails the subconscious mediation of fragmentary experience, not careful rational planning and goal-directed work.