I examine representations of simultaneity in the timescape of Paradise Lost, arguing that the availability of each moment for narrative revision—necessary for the narration of simultaneous events—performed important work for Milton in the context of an abandoned revolution.
Paradise Regained parodies the country house poem to distinguish between forests as divine creation and great halls of conspicuous consumption. Using notions of Christian equality, his great-hall grove undermines England’s social hierarchy and resonates in rumbling discontent latent in historical and literary forests.
This paper proposes a re-reading of Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival (c. 1200–1210) which considers the relationship between despoiled landscapes and knighthood as reflective of the broader environmental concerns the emerged during the High Middle Ages.